Some of these programs are primarily for Native populations, but take a Pan-Indian or New Age approach, through "the Sweat lodge, the Red Road, and the Recovery Medicine Wheel." "Red Road to Recovery" programs are not always run by or for Native people, but may be groups of predominantly non-Native, New Age adherents. In some modern addiction treatment programs, the idea of the Red Road may be part of the recovery process. "Black Elk's Prayer for All Life" Treatment of addictions Look upon these faces of children without number and with children in their arms, that they may face the wind and walk the good road to the day of quiet. With tenderness have these come up out of the ground. Great Spirit, Great Spirit, my Grandfather, all over the earth the faces of living things are all alike. With your power only can I face the winds. "Hear me, four quarters of the world-a relative I am! Give me the strength to walk the soft earth, a relative to all that is! Give me the eyes to see and the strength to understand, that I may be like you. Neihardt said that Black Elk believed he had an obligation to "help to bring my people back into the sacred hoop, that they might again walk the red road in a sacred manner pleasing to the powers of the universe that are one power." However, Black Elk defined "the red road" as part of the larger, Medicine Wheel concept, not necessarily the same definition that others are using: "Black Elk, in The Sacred Pipe, speaks of the Red Road as the north-south cross of the Medicine Wheel, and the east-west cross as the black or blue road". In the late 20th century, Neihardt's work was criticized as diverging from, and misrepresenting, Lakota beliefs and ceremonies. His grandson, George Looks Twice said, "He was comfortable praying with this pipe and his rosary, and participated in Mass and Lakota ceremonies on a regular basis". Near the end of his life, Black Elk converted to Catholicism, becoming a catechist, but he also continued to practice Lakota ceremonies. Neihardt, a non-Native, explored spiritual beliefs as he says they were told to him by Black Elk (1863–1950), an Oglala Lakota. Individual ceremonies and particular beliefs tend to be unique to the people of these diverse bands, tribes and nations. ![]() With over 500 federally-recognized tribes in just the US, while some regional practices and beliefs might be similar, the cultures are highly individualized. ![]() Native Americans' spiritual teachings are diverse. The term is used primarily in the Pan-Indian and New Age communities, and rarely among traditional Indigenous people, who have terms in their own languages for their spiritual ways. The red road is a modern English-language concept of the right path of life, as inspired by some of the beliefs found in a variety of Native American spiritual teachings. For other uses, see Red Road (disambiguation). This article is about the spiritual metaphor.
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